Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

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Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva — the thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is a common eye condition that can be caused by an infection, allergies, or irritation.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

Common symptoms include:

• Redness of the eye

• Itching or irritation

• A burning or gritty sensation

• Increased tearing

• Mucous or eye discharge

• Mild blurred vision

• Mild to moderate swelling of the eyelids

Types of Conjunctivitis

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis is contagious and can spread easily through direct contact. It typically causes a red eye with thick yellow or green discharge, which may cause the eyelids to stick together, especially upon waking. Although most cases respond well to treatment, severe or untreated infections can occasionally affect vision.

Viral Conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and is often associated with a cold or flu-like illness, although it can occur on its own. Symptoms usually include watery eyes, redness, and irritation. Most cases resolve on their own, but in some individuals the virus can affect the cornea and reduce vision.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious. It occurs when the eyes react to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or other environmental irritants. Common symptoms include intense itching, redness, tearing, burning, and swollen eyelids. Persistent or severe allergic conjunctivitis should be evaluated by an eye specialist, as chronic inflammation may lead to complications if left untreated.

Treatment for Conjunctivitis

Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the condition.

• Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointment.

• Viral conjunctivitis is generally managed with supportive care, including lubricating eye drops and cold compresses, while the infection runs its course.

• Allergic conjunctivitis may be treated with anti-allergy eye drops, lubricating drops, and avoiding known allergens whenever possible.

Seek prompt medical attention if you experience:

• Eye pain

• Reduced or blurred vision

• Increasing sensitivity to light

• Severe redness or swelling

• Symptoms that worsen or do not improve

An eye specialist can accurately diagnose the cause of your conjunctivitis and recommend the most appropriate treatment.

How to Reduce the Risk of Conjunctivitis

You can lower your risk of developing or spreading conjunctivitis by:

• Washing your hands frequently with soap and water.

• Avoiding touching or rubbing your eyes with unwashed hands.

• Changing pillowcases, towels, and face cloths regularly.

• Not sharing towels, cosmetics, eye drops, or other personal items with someone who has conjunctivitis.

• Practising good contact lens hygiene and following the recommended cleaning and replacement schedule.

• Avoiding the use of contact lenses if you have a red or irritated eye until you have been assessed by an eye care professional.